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Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
| Availability |
Please visit this website for more information about the instrument: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
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| Classification |
Supplemental: Epilepsy, Mitochondrial Disease (Mito), and Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Exploratory: Huntington's Disease (HD)
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| Short Description of Instrument |
Purpose: To assess patients who display symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
Description: An 18-item scale that measures positive symptoms, general psychopathology and affective symptoms. A pediatric version is also available.
Comment: A well-established scale that is sensitive to changes and allows for broad evaluation. Item score grouping allows scoring on specific symptoms (i.e., mannerisms and posturing). However, it is limited in scope as it focuses on positive and general psychopathology.
Primary Dependent Measures: Total score (0-126).
Time Estimates: 20-30 minutes.
Vendor: Public Domain.
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| Comments/Special Instructions |
Parkinson's Disease-Specific: The BPRS has limited applicability to PD. It is recommended for the cognitively intact PD population particularly if the patient is the primary informant of the symptoms. It is recommended by the MDS (Fernandez et al., 2008) for use in clinical trials, but is tedious and not specific to PD.
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| Scoring and Psychometric Properties |
Scoring: Each item is scored on 0-7 Likert scale ranging from "Not Present" to "Extremely Severe". The instrument is administered through a combination of clinician interview and observations from the patient's family from the previous 2-3 days.
Psychometric Properties: The internal consistency ranged from good to excellent with the BPRS having a Cronbach's alpha of .87 (Hofmann et al., 2022).
Interrater agreement for all paired assessments exceeded .85 comparing favorably with previous studies reported in the literature. The BPRS was found to be a useful and efficient instrument in this community setting (Ligon et al., 2000).
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| Rationale/Justification |
Strengths: This is a commonly used scale in clinical trials for treating patients with primary psychotic disorders and therefore would allow a comparison of the frequency and severity of PD psychosis and other psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.
Weaknesses: Raters require experience to elicit information about symptoms and training in operational definitions. The scale does not assess minor psychotic symptoms often experienced by PD patients such as visual illusions, passage hallucinations, and sense of presence. There is a large overlap in psychosis in PD and cognitive impairment and this scale is designed for cognitively intact psychotic patients.
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| References |
Key References:
Overall, JE, Gorham, DR. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep. 1962 Jun 1;10(3):799-812.
Overall, JE, Gorham DR: Introduction: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BRPS): Recent developments in ascertainment and scaling. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24:97-9.
Additional References:
Andersen J, Larsen JK, Schultz V, Nielsen BM, Kørner A, Behnke K, Munk-Andersen E, Butler B, Allerup P, Bech P. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Dimension of schizophrenia--reliability and construct validity. Psychopathology. 1989;22(2-3):168-76.
Dingemans PM, Frohn-de Winter ML, Bleeker JA, Rathod P. A cross-cultural study of the reliability and factorial dimensions of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1983;80(2):190-1.
Hafkenscheid A. Psychometric evaluation of a standardized and expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991 Sep;84(3):294-300.
Hofmann AB, Schmid HM, Jabat M, Brackmann N, Noboa V, Bobes J, Garcia-Portilla MP, Seifritz E, Vetter S, Egger ST. Utility and validity of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) as a transdiagnostic scale. Psychiatry Res. 2022 Aug;314:114659.
Leucht S, Kane JM, Kissling W, Hamann J, Etschel E, Engel R. Clinical implications of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;187:366-71.
Ligon J, Thyer BA. Interrater reliability of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale used at a community-based inpatient crisis stabilization unit. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Apr;56(4):583-7.
Parkinson's Disease-Specific Reference:
Fernandez HH, Aarsland D, Fénelon G, Friedman JH, Marsh L, Tröster AI, Poewe W, Rascol O, Sampaio C, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG. Scales to assess psychosis in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2008 Mar 15;23(4):484-500.
Huntington's Disease-Specific References:
Wiegand M, Möller AA, Schreiber W, Lauer C, Krieg JC. Brain morphology and sleep EEG in patients with Huntington's disease. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1991;240(3):148-52.
Zappacosta B, Monza D, Meoni C, Austoni L, Soliveri P, Gellera C, Alberti R, Mantero M, Penati G, Caraceni T, Girotti F. Psychiatric symptoms do not correlate with cognitive decline, motor symptoms, or CAG repeat length in Huntington's disease. Arch Neurol. 1996 Jun;53(6):493-7.
Document last updated June 2024
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